grade 6

Reading

Word Analysis, Fluency, and Systematic Vocabulary Development

Vocabulary and Concept Development

1.2     Identify and interpret figurative language and words with multiple meanings.

1.3     Recognize the origins and meanings of frequently used foreign words in English and use these words accurately in speaking and writing.

1.5   Understand and explain “shades of meaning” in related words (e.g., softly and quietly).

Reading Comprehension

2.1     Identify the structural features of popular media (e.g., newspapers, magazines, online information) and use the features to obtain information.

2.2     Analyze text that uses the compare-and-contrast organizational pattern.

2.3     Connect and clarify main ideas by identifying their relationships to other sources and related topics.

2.4     Clarify an understanding of texts by creating outlines, logical notes, summaries, or reports.

2.5     Follow multiple-step instructions for preparing applications (e.g., for a public library card, bank savings account, sports club, league membership).

2.6     Determine the adequacy and appropriateness of the evidence for an author’s conclusions.

Literary Response and Analysis

3.1     Identify the forms of fiction and describe the major characteristics of each form.

3.2     Analyze the effect of the qualities of the character (e.g., courage or cowardice, ambition or laziness) on the plot and the resolution of the conflict.

3.4   Define how tone or meaning is conveyed in poetry through word choice, figurative language, sentence structure, line length, punctuation, rhythm, repetition, and rhyme.

3.5   Identify the speaker and recognize the difference between first- and third-person narrations (e.g., autobiography compared with biography).

3.6     Identify and analyze features of themes conveyed through characters, actions, and images.

3.7     Critique the credibility of characterization and the degree to which a plot is contrived or realistic (e.g., compares use of fact and fantasy in historical fiction).

Writing

Writing

Strategies

Organization and Focus / Research & Technology/Evaluation & Revision

1.2     Create multiple-paragraph expository compositions that engage the interest of the reader and state a clear purpose; develop the topic with supporting details and precise verbs, nouns, and adjectives to paint a visual image in the mind of the reader; and conclude with a detailed summary linked to the purpose of the composition.

1.4   Use organizational features of electronic text.

1.6   Revise writing to improve the organization and consistency of ideas within and between paragraphs.

Writing Applications

2.1     Write narratives that establish and develop a plot/setting and present a point of view that is appropriate to the stories; include sensory details and concrete language to develop plot and character; and use a range of narrative devices.

2.2     Write expository compositions that state the thesis or purpose; explain the situation; follow an organizational pattern; and offer persuasive evidence.

2.3     Write research reports that pose relevant questions; support the main idea with details; and include a biography.

2.4     Write responses to literature that develop and justify interpretation through sustained use of examples and textual evidence.

2.5     Write persuasive compositions that state a clear position; support the position and address reader concerns and counterarguments.

Written/Oral Eng. Lang. Conventions

Conventions

Sentence Structure / Grammar / Punctuation / Capitalization / Spelling

1.1     Use simple, compound, and compound-complex sentences; use effective coordination and subordination of ideas to express complete thoughts.

1.2     Identify and properly use indefinite pronouns and present perfect, past, perfect, and future perfect verb tenses; ensure that verbs agree with compound subjects.

1.3     Use colons after the salutation in business letters, semicolons to connect independent clauses, and commas when linking two clauses with a conjunction in compound sentences.

1.4     Use correct capitalization.

1.5     Spell frequently misspelled words correctly (e.g., their, they’re, there).

Listening and Speaking

Strategies

1.4   Select a focus, an organizational structure, and a point of view, matching the purpose, message, occasion, and vocal modulation to the audience.

1.5   Emphasize salient points to assist the listener in following the main ideas and concepts.

2.1     Deliver narrative presentations that establish a context, plot, and point of view; include sensory details and concrete language to develop the plot and character; and use a range of narrative devices (e.g., dialogue, tension, or suspense).

2.2     Deliver informative presentations that pose relevant questions and develop the topic with facts, details, examples, and explanation from multiple authoritative sources (e.g., speakers, periodicals, online information).that pose relevant questions and develop the topic with facts, details, examples, and explanation from multiple authoritative sources (e.g., speakers, periodicals, online information).


Number  Sense

1.0     Students compare and order positive and negative fractions, decimals, and mixed numbers; solve problems involving fractions, ratios, proportions, and percentages.

1.1   Compare and order positive and negative fractions, decimals, and mixed numbers and place them on a number line.

1.2     Interpret and use ratios in different contexts (e.g., battling averages, miles per hour) to show the relative sizes of two quantities, using appropriate notations (a/b, a to b, a:b).

1.3     Use proportions to solve problems; use cross-multiplication as a method for solving such problems.

1.4     Calculate given percentages of quantities and solve problems involving discounts at sales, interest earned, and tips.

2.0     Students calculate and solve problems involving addition, subtractions, multiplication, and division.

2.3     Solve addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems with positive and negative integers and combination of these operations.

2.4     Determine the least common multiple and the greatest common divisor of whole numbers; use them to solve problems with fractions (e.g., to find a common denominator to add two fractions or to find the reduced form for a fraction).

Algebra & Functions

1.0     Students write verbal expressions and sentences as algebraic expressions and equations; they evaluate algebraic expressions, solve simple linear equations, and graph and interpret their results.

1.1   Write and solve one-step linear equations in one variable.

2.2   Demonstrate an understanding that rate is a measure of one quantity per unit value of another quantity.

Measurement

& Geometry

1.1   Understand the concept of a constant such as p ; know the formulas for the circumference and area of a circle.

2.1   Identify angles as vertical, adjacent, complementary, or supplementary and provide descriptions of these terms.

2.2   Use the properties of complementary and supplementary angles and the sum of the angles of a triangle to solve problems involving an unknown angle.

Statistics, Data

Analysis, and

Probability

1.1   Compute the range, mean, median, and mode of data sets.

2.2     Identify different ways of selecting a sample and which method makes a sample more representative for a population.

2.3     Analyze data displays and explain why the way in which the question was asked might have influenced the results obtained and conclusions reached.

2.4     Identify data that represent sampling errors and explain why the sample (and the display) might be biased.

2.5     Identify claims based on statistical data and, in simple cases, evaluate the validity of the claims.

3.1     Represent all possible outcomes for compound events in an organized way.

3.3   Represent probabilities as ratios, proportions, decimals between 0 and 1, and percentages between 0 and 100 and verify that the probabilities computed are reasonable; know that if P is the probability of an event, 1-P is the probability of an event not occurring.

Mathematical

Reasoning

1.0     Students make decisions about how to approach problems.

2.0     Students use strategies, skills, and concepts in finding solutions.


Analysis

Skills

Chronological and

Spatial Thinking

1.    Explain how major events are related to one another in time.

2.    Construct various time lines of key events, people, and periods of the historical era.

3.    Use a variety of maps and documents to identify physical and cultural features.

Research,

Evidence, and

Point of View

1.  Frame questions that can be answered by historical study and research.

2.  Distinguish fact from opinion in historical narratives and stories.

5.  Detect the different historical points on historical events and determine the context in which the historical statements were made.

Historical Interpretation

1.    Explain the central issues and problems from the past, placing people and events in a matrix of time and place.

2.    Understand and distinguish cause, effect, sequence, and correlation in historical events, including the long- and short-term casual relations.

Content Standards

6.2 Early civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Kush.

1.  Locate and describe the major river systems and discuss the physical settings that supported permanent settlement and early civilizations.

3.  Understand the relationship between religion and the social and political order in Mesopotamia and Egypt.

4.  Know the significance of  The Code of Hammurabi.

8.  Identify the location of the Kush civilization and describe its political, commercial, and cultural relations with Egypt.

6.3 Analyze Ancient Hebrews

1.  Describe the origins and significance of Judaism as the first monotheistic religion based on the concept of one God who sets down moral laws for humanity.

4.  Discuss the locations of the settlements and movements of Hebrew peoples, including the Exodus and their movement to and from Egypt, and outline the significance of the Exodus to the Jewish and other people.

6.4 Analyze Greece

1.  Discuss the connections between geography and the development of city-states in the region of the Aegean Sea, including patterns of trade and commerce among Greek city-states and within the wider Mediterranean region.

2.  Trace the transition from tyranny and oligarchy to early democratic forms of government and back to dictatorship in ancient Greece, including the idea of citizenship.

3.  State the key differences between Athenian, or direct, democracy and representative democracy.

6.5 Analyze early civilizations of India

1.  Locate and describe the major river system and discuss the physical setting that supported the rise of this civilization.

3.  Explain the major beliefs and practices of Brahmanism in India and how they evolved into early Hinduism.

7.  Discuss important aesthetic and intellectual traditions (e.g., Sanskrit literature, medicine, and mathematics).

6.6 Analyze early civilizations of China

1.    Locate and describe the origins of Chinese civilization in the Huang-He Valley during the Shang Dynasty.

2.    Explain the geographic features of Chins that made governance and the spread of ideas and goods difficult and served to isolate the country from the rest of the world.

4.  Identify the political and cultural problems prevalent in the time of Confucius and how he sought to solve them.

5.  List the policies and achievements of the Emperor Shi Huangdi in unifying northern China under the Qin Dynasty.

 

6.7 Analyze the development of Rome

1.    Identify the location and describe the rise of the Roman Republic, including the importance of such mythical and historical figures as Aeneas, Romulus and Remus, Cincinnatus, Julius Caesar, and Cicero.

2.    Describe the government of the Roman Republic and its significance.

3.    Identify the location of and the political and geographic reasons for the growth of Roman territories and expansion of the empire, including how the empire fostered economic growth through the use of currency and trade routes.

7.    Describe the circumstances that led to the spread of Christianity in Europe and other Roman territories.

8.    Discuss the legacies of Roman art and architecture, technology, and science, literature, language, and law.


Physical

Sciences

3) (Thermal Energy) Heat moves in a predictable flow from warmer to cooler objects.

a.  Students know energy can be carried from one place to another by heat flow or by waves, including water, light and sound waves, or by moving objects.

b.  Students know that when fuel is consumed, most of the energy released becomes heat energy.

c.  Students know heat flows in solids by conduction (no flow of matter) and in fluids by conduction and convection (involves flow of matter).

4) (Energy Transfer) Many

    phenomena on the Earth’s surface are affected by the transfer of energy through radiation and convection currents.

a.  Many phenomena on the Earth’s surface (wind, ocean, currents, and the water cycle).

b.  Students know solar energy reaches Earth through radiation, mostly in the form of visible light.

Life

Sciences

5) (Ecology) Organisms in ecosystems ex-change energy and nutrients.

As a basis for understanding this concept:

a.  Students know energy entering ecosystems as sunlight is transferred by producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis and then form organism to organism through food webs.

b.  Students know matter is transferred over time from one organism to others in the food web and between organisms and the physical environment.

c.  Students know populations of organisms can be categorized by the functions they serve in the ecosystem.

e.  Students know the number and types of organisms an ecosystem can support depends on the resources available and on abiotic factors, such as quantities of light and water, a range of temperature, and soil composition

Earth

Sciences

1) Plate tectonics accounts for important features of the Earth’s surface and major geo-logic events.

As a basis for understanding this concept:

a.  Students know evidence of plate tectonics is derived form the fit of the continents, the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and midocean ridges, and the distribution of fossils, rock types, and ancient climatic zones.

b.  Students know Earth is composed of several layers: a cold, brittle lithosphere; a hot, convecting mantle; and a dense, metallic core.

c.  Students know lithospheric plates the size of continents and oceans, move at rates of centimeters per year in response to movements in the mantle.

d.  Students know that earthquakes are sudden motions along breaks in the crust called faults and that volcanoes and fissures are location where magma reaches the surface.

e.  Students know major geologic events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from plate tectonics

2) Topography is reshaped by weathering and erosion.

a.  Students know water running downhill is the dominant process in shaping the landscape, including California.

b.  Students know rivers and streams are dynamic systems that erode, transport sediment, change course, and flood their banks in natural and recurring patterns.

c.  Students know beaches are dynamic systems in which the sand is supplied by rivers and moved along the coast by the action of waves.

6) (Resources) Sources of energy and materials differ in amounts, lo-cation, use-fulness, and formation time.

As a basis for understanding this concept:

b.  Students know different natural energy and material resources, including air, soil, rocks, minerals, petroleum, fresh water, wildlife, and forests, and know how to classify them as renewable or nonrenewable.

Investigation & Experimentation

7.  Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations.

Students will:

b.  Select and use appropriate scientific tools and technology (including calculators, computers, balances, spring scales, microscopes, and binoculars) to perform tests, and collect and display data.

c.  Construct appropriate graphs from data and develop qualitative statements about the relationships between variables.

d.  Communicate the steps and results from an investigation in written reports and oral presentations.

f.  Read a topographic map and a geologic map for evidence provided on the maps and construct and interpret a simple scale map.

h.  Identify changes in natural phenomena over time without manipulating the phenomena (e.g., tree limb, a grove of trees, a stream, a hill, slope).